Python py轉exe的執行檔太大

 Python寫好的執行要直接轉成exe檔在其他沒裝Python直接運行，可是轉出來的exe檔都好大，幾KB的py檔轉成exe變成幾百MB。

原來是因為之前是用Anaconda裝好環 境的，裡面有一大堆套件，在轉換時，也一直被塞進去了。

要解決這個問題，就是建一個新的虛擬環境，裝上所需的套件，再進行轉換，exe檔就變成幾十MB而已。

可以參考下面網站，說的非常清楚。

https://inf.news/zh-hant/technique/0abeedacd79bf29153e82893d9a0e280.html

Converting a Python script into an executable (.exe) file is a convenient way to run the program on systems without Python installed. However, the resulting .exe files tend to be quite large, often several hundred megabytes, even for scripts that are just a few kilobytes in size.

The reason behind this issue is that if you previously developed your code within an Anaconda environment, it likely included a multitude of packages and dependencies. During the conversion process, these dependencies are also bundled into the executable, contributing to its substantial size increase.

To address this problem, a solution involves creating a new virtual environment, installing only the necessary packages, and then proceeding with the conversion process. This approach results in executable files that are only a few tens of megabytes in size.

For a detailed guide on how to accomplish this, you can refer to the following website:

https://inf.news/zh-hant/technique/0abeedacd79bf29153e82893d9a0e280.html

fortigate log 保留天數調整

 fortigate log 預設保留7天，如果容量夠的話，可以設定保留久一點，若有發生異常，可以查到比較久以前的紀錄。

直接在指令模式下分別輸入下列三個指令就行了，其中第二行就是設定日誌保留的天數，下面的範例是設成30天。

config log disk setting

set maximum-log-age 30     

end

FortiGate logs are stored by default for 7 days. If you have enough disk space, you can configure them to be stored for a longer period of time. This will allow you to view older logs in case of an incident.

To configure FortiGate logs, enter the following three commands in command mode. The second command sets the number of days that logs are stored. In the example below, logs are stored for 30 days.

config log disk setting

set maximum-log-age 30

end

windows 使用batch 指令匯出dhcp lease位址租用紀錄

 如果是windows2012，powershell 4.0裡面有get-dhcp的指令把DHCP目前租用IP的清單做匯出。

但在windows2008，powershell 1.0沒這個指令，不想升級powershell，可以用netsh來完成，指令如下:

@echo off

netsh dhcp server scope 172.16.11.0 show clients > "%DATE:~0,4%%DATE:~5,2%%DATE:~8,2%_dhcp_clients.txt"

exit

指令會把172.16.11.0這個領域的IP租用匯出到txt中，檔名是會以當天的日期呈現。

如果要把每個領域都匯出，就把指令重覆貼上，改掉scope後面的領域IP就行了。

If you are using Windows 2012, PowerShell 4.0 includes the get-dhcp command to export a list of currently leased IP addresses from DHCP.

However, in Windows 2008, PowerShell 1.0 does not have this command. If you do not want to upgrade PowerShell, you can use netsh to complete the task. The command is as follows:

@echo off

netsh dhcp server scope 172.16.11.0 show clients > "%DATE:~0,4%%DATE:~5,2%%DATE:~8,2%_dhcp_clients.txt"

exit

This command will export the IP leases for the 172.16.11.0 scope to a text file. The file name will be in the format of YYYYMMDD_dhcp_clients.txt.

To export leases for all scopes, simply copy and paste the command, and change the scope IP address after scope.

APACHE http轉跳https 設定

最近在查怎麼讓web伺服器某些https的網站，在連線時，用http連會自動轉跳到https，查到的設定都好復雜，結果發現有一個人分享一個很簡單的方法，主要是利用連上http沒東西時，會自動幫你轉跳到https的頁面就可以了，只需要一行設定，可參考下列說明

ttps://www.orcy.net.cn/927.html 

ESXi 6.5 的windows 2012虛擬機傳送ctrl alt del沒反應

在ESXi 6.5架設了一台windows 2012虛擬機，開啟了遠端桌面連線的功能，都可以使用，接著安裝了vmtool重開機後，使用chrome透過esxi的web console要登入主機時，傳送ctrl alt del沒反應。

使用遠端桌面連線，輸入完帳號密碼後，也都連不上，非常奇怪。

查了一下google，vmware有一篇文章是說要升級esxi，這個就先不考慮。

在經過一些測試後發現，是透過windows update進行更新時，會有一個vmware的套件，安裝了這個後，才會有傳送ctrl alt del沒反應的問題，所以在做windows update時不要裝這個套件就好了。

I have set up a Windows 2012 virtual machine on ESXi 6.5 and enabled the Remote Desktop Connection feature, which was working fine. Then I installed vmtools and rebooted the virtual machine. After that, when I tried to log in to the host using Chrome via ESXi's web console and sent Ctrl+Alt+Del, there was no response.

I also tried using Remote Desktop Connection, but after entering the username and password, I couldn't connect, which is very strange.

After searching on Google, I found an article from VMware suggesting upgrading ESXi, but for now, I'm not considering that option.

After some testing, I discovered that when updating through Windows Update, there is a VMware package that, when installed, causes the issue with Ctrl+Alt+Del not working. So, when performing Windows Update, it's advisable not to install this package.

Excel 下方的分頁頁籤不見了

 EXCEL檔案不同的分頁，通常都在左下方可以做點選切換。

但某些檔案明明就有多個分頁，但下方卻都沒東西，無法切換。

這是設定的問題，只要在進階的設定裡，找到 顯示工作表索引標籤，將此功能打勾就會正常顯示其他分頁了。

Different worksheets in an Excel file are usually switchable by clicking on the tabs located at the bottom left.

However, in some cases, even though a file has multiple worksheets, there is no content displayed at the bottom, and switching between them is not possible.

This is a configuration issue. By going into the advanced settings and enabling the "Show sheet tabs" option, the other worksheets will be displayed correctly.

IBM x345 亮橘燈

 有一台非常老舊的IBM x345，前面面板出現了硬體故障的橘燈，但這台伺服器的面板沒有其他資訊，就只燈號可以看。

檢查了外觀，硬碟都正常，沒其他亮橘燈的地方，就查不到橘燈是什麼地方異常造成的。

查看原廠文件，有說明主機板上會有其他硬體的燈號，有問題的就會亮橘燈。

所以就關閉系統，但接著電腦線，將上蓋打開，果然看到記憶體插槽上有亮橘燈，終於找到問題。

更妙的時打開上蓋後，發現有一個小面板藏在裡面，上面就有顯示哪個硬體故障，實在想不通為何要把這個面板藏在裡面。

回去查原廠文件，裡面還真的有寫到這個診斷面板是在伺服器裡面。

There is an old IBM x345 server that has a hardware failure indicated by an amber light on the front panel. However, the server's panel does not provide any additional information, only the indicator light is visible.

Upon inspecting the physical appearance, the hard drives appear to be functioning properly, and there are no other areas with illuminated amber lights, making it difficult to determine the source of the issue.

Referring to the manufacturer's documentation, it mentions that there are other hardware indicator lights on the motherboard, which would illuminate if there were any problems.

Therefore, shut down the system, and the computer cables were connected. Upon opening the server's cover, it was discovered that there was indeed an illuminated amber light on one of the memory slots, finally identifying the problem.

Interestingly, upon opening the cover, a small panel was found hidden inside, displaying the specific hardware component that was experiencing the failure. It is weird why this panel was concealed inside the server.

Upon revisiting the manufacturer's documentation, it was confirmed that this diagnostic panel is indeed located inside the server.

Shioaji 1分k轉成其他分k

 永豐shioaji可以把1分k做匯出，然後在自行轉成其他分k。

做法通常就是把1分k資料用pandas轉換成datafram，然後在用resample的方式，轉成其他的分k。

不過在轉成其他分k時，會遇到兩個問題。

第一是轉成其他k分時，會有從左邊算起或右邊算一起的問題，這就會影響到資料的正確性，關於這個，可以參考https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10280495 這篇文章，用label跟closed兩個參數去調整資料的正確性。

系統預設是左邊，但在轉換shioaji的資料時，要從右邊算，出來的分k開高收低才會對。

第二個問題是在用resample重把切分1分k時，都是以完整一小時去切，譬如說你要換成30分k，系統就會用x點00分跟x點30分去切，但台指開盤是8點45分，應該要切成x點15分跟x點45分。

這時後就要在加一個base的參考，範例可參考 https://towardsdatascience.com/using-the-pandas-resample-function-a231144194c4 這篇最後面‘Base’ Argument的說明。

另外就是1分k只能用日期 去過濾，但裡面會包含到日跟夜盤的資料，如果只要日盤，或是特定時間，就要用between_time這個參考去過濾，範例可去https://geek-docs.com/pandas/pandas-dataframe/python-pandas-dataframe-between_time.html 看看。

Linux nautilus程序佔用cpu效能

 在執行top查看系統效能狀況時，發現有一支程序nautilus佔用了很高的cpu效能，但整體的cpu效能使用率還是很低，沒影響到系統整體的運作。

nautilus是在圖型介面，像是檔案總管的一個程序，透過"who"指令，確認還有一個透過圖型介面登入的session沒關閉，連上去之後果然發現很多資料夾視窗沒關閉，是其他人員之前在設定一些東西時，設定好就直接中斷沒關掉的。

將這些資料夾關一關，登入圖型介面後，這些程序也就不見了。

The Linux program Nautilus is consuming CPU resources.

While checking the system performance using the "top" command, I noticed that the Nautilus program is utilizing a significant amount of CPU power. However, the overall CPU usage remains low, and it does not affect the overall operation of the system.

Nautilus is a graphical interface program, similar to a file manager. By using the "who" command, I confirmed that there is still an active session logged in through the graphical interface. After connecting to it, I discovered that many folder windows were left open, which were not closed after configuring some settings by other personnel.

By closing these folders and logging into the graphical interface again, these programs disappeared.

Teams 會議來賓無法文字聊天

 原本在使用Teams會議時，沒帳號的來賓，也可以透過"聊天"功能用文字聊天。但最近突然不能用。

在測試時，卻發現有時後可以，有時後不行，仔細比對操作方式，發現了為何會有這種狀況。

Teams的會議有分頻道會議跟一般會議，發起會議的地方在不同的頁面上，通常發起會議都是頻道會議，因為登入後的畫面就是會在發起頻道會議的地方。

1.在"團隊"裡建立的會議，不管是排程或立即開會，都是頻道會議。來賓是無法使用文字聊天。

2.在"行事曆"裡建立的會議，不管是排程或立即開會，都是一般會議。來賓是可以使用文字聊天。

其他差異可參考 https://atlas.utdallas.edu/TDClient/30/Portal/KB/ArticleDet?ID=300

Guests in Teams meetings are unable to chat via text.

Originally, during Teams meetings, guests without an account could also engage in text chat using the "Chat" feature. However, recently this capability suddenly became unavailable.

During testing, it was observed that sometimes it worked, while other times it didn't. After carefully comparing the steps taken, the reason for this situation was identified.

Teams meetings can be categorized as channel meetings or regular meetings, and the location for initiating a meeting is different on the interface. Typically, meetings are initiated as channel meetings because upon logging in, the interface is directed to the channel meeting initiation section.

Meetings created within "Teams" are always channel meetings, regardless of whether they are scheduled or started immediately. Guests cannot use text chat in these meetings.

Meetings created within the "Calendar" are always regular meetings, regardless of whether they are scheduled or started immediately. Guests can use text chat in these meetings.